اسئله هامه جدا في الباثولوجي

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله و بركاته
بما ان الامتحانات قريبة
حبيت اني انزل هذه المعلومات
و بصراحة لقيتها عندي في الجهاز عاطيهالي صديق توا في سنة رابعة قاللي مهمة
و ما نعرفش لمني
لكن تاكدت و لقيت هلبا جايات منهم
و هي عبارة عن اكثر الاسئلة الشائعة في الباثولوجي اللي تجي اسساي
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N.B. when you are asked to discuss the pathology of certain organ, you
must mention every thing about it, including gross picture, microscopic
picture, etiology, spread, possible effects, complications &
predisposing factors (except treatment).
 Inflammation:
1. Give an account on mechanism of formation, composition, character,
& beneficial & harmful effects of inflammatory exudates.
2. Give an account on local signs & symptoms of acute inflammation.
3. Define suppurative inflammation, enumerate its types & causes, and then discuss the pathology of acute pyogenic abscess.
4. Enumerate the types of acute inflammation; describe the naked eye
& microscopic appearance of membranous inflammation, giving 2
examples.
5. Give an account on gross picture, microscopic picture, sites & possible termination of fibrinous pericarditis.
6. Define & enumerate different types of granuloma.
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 Repair:
1. Types of repair with examples.
2. Repair by organization with an example.
3. Repair of fracture of long bone.
4. Factors controlling repair of bone.
5. Gliosis (repair in C.N.S).
6. Primary union of wounds.
7. Complication of wound healing.
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 Degeneration:
1. Describe the naked eye & microscopic appearance of fatty changes in liver.
2. Describe the naked eye & microscopic appearance of amyloid liver,
and then mention how you can stain the amyloid material.
3. Give an account on secondary amyloidosis.
4. Discuss the pathology of pathological calcification.
5. Discuss the pathology of metastatic calcification.
6. Give an account on definition & causes of the necrosis mention
the nuclear changes in necrotic cells (microscopic picture of necrosis).
7. Enumerate types of necrosis.
8. Define gangrene, enumerate its types, & discuss the pathology of one occurring in the lower limb.
9. Give an account on moist gangrene.
10. Give an account on senile gangrene.
11. Give an account on gas gangrene.
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 Circulatory disturbances:
1. Give an account on hyperemia (definition & examples).
2. Give an account on gross & microscopic pictures of C.V.C lung.
3. Give an account on pathology o C.V.C spleen.
4. Give an account on pathology of nut-meg liver (C.V.C liver)
5. Give an account on fate & possible effects of thrombus.
6. Give an account on complication of thrombosis.
7. Compare between thrombus & clot.
8. Varieties (types) of emboli & their effects.
9. Give an account on pathology of an infarction (definition, causes, gross & microscopic pictures, effects & fate).
10. Give an account on pathological features & fate of splenic infarction.
11. Give an account on myocardial infarction.
12. Give an account on recent infarction of the kidney.
13. Give an account on cerebral infarction.
14. Give an account on Oedema (definition, causes, types, harmful effects).
15. Give an account on cardiac Oedema.
16. Give an account on causes of haemorrhage.
17. Compare between transudate & excudate.
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 Bacterial infection:
Define the following:
1. Toxaemia.
2. Bacteraemia.
3. Granuloma.
4. Septicaemia.
5. Pyaemia.
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 Immune – pathology:
Give an account on immediate and delayed hypersensitivity.
 Tuberculosis, Leprosy, & Syphilis:
1. Enumerate the types of pulmonary T.B and discuss the pathology of Ghon’s focus including its fate.
2. Discuss the pathology of pulmonary T.B.
3. Give an account on Millary T.B of lung.
4. Give an account on morbid anatomy and complications of fibro – caseous pulmonary T.B.
5. Give an account on T.B of peritoneum.
6. Give an account on T.B of vertebrae. (Pott’s disease).
7. Give an account on sarcoidosis.
8. Give an account on lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy.
9. Give an account on hard chancre of syphilis.
10. Give an account on manifestations of secondary stage of acquired syphilis.
11. Give an account on syphilitic aortitis.
12. Discuss the pathology of congenital syphititis including its manifestations.
13. Discuss the pathology of coarse bilharzial periportal fibrosis of liver.
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 Disturbances of growth and tumours:
1. Give an account on atrophy.
2. Give an account on hyperatrophy.
3. Give an account on metablasia, with giving examples.
4. Define tumour or neoplasm.
5. Give an account on oncogenic factors.
6. What is the different between benign and malignant tumours.
7. Discuss the characters of malignant tumours including their anaplastic structural changes and methods of spread.
8. Give an account on adenoma (especially fibro – adenoma of breast).
9. Give an account on lipoma.
10. Give an account on liomyoma uterus.
11. Give an account on haemangioma.
12. What is the different between carcinoma and sarcoma.
13. Give an account on grading and staging of cancer (definition and example of each).
14. Give and account on squamous cell carcinoma.
15. Give an account on rodent ulcer (basal cell carcinoma).
16. Discuss the pathology of carcinoma insitu, including it’s common sites, and give an examples.
17. What is mean by locally malignant tumours, enumerate its different types and discuss the pathology of one of them.
18. Give an account on malignant melanoma.
19. Give an account on teratoma.
20. Give an account on precancerous lesions.
21. Give an account on viruses as carcinogens.
22. Give an account on radiation as carcinogens.
23. Give an account on chemicals as carcinogens.
24. Give an account on metastasis of bone.
25. Enumerate the tumours, which may arise from the skin, and discuss
the pathology of one malignant tumour of them of non – mesenchymal
origin including cell of origin, naked eye and microscopic appearance,
and method of spread.
26. Give an account on tumour markers.
27. Give an account on cyst including its types.
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1. Cardio Vascular System:
1. Give an account on rheumatic fever (definition, pathogenesis,
pathological features, organ involver and possible effects or
complications).
2. Discuss the pathological features of acute rheumatic encdocarditis (acute rheumatic valvulitis).
3. Give an account on Aschoff’s nodule.
4. Define endocarditis, enumerate the types, & discuss the definition, types & their embolic effects.
5. Give an account on cardiac vegetations including definition, types & their embolic effects.
6. Enumerate the causes of aortic incompetence, & describe naked eye
appearance of organs of patient died form congestive heart failure due
to this condition.
7. Enumerate the causes off sudden coronary artery occlusion.
8. Give and account on effect of sudden coronary artery ischemia (occlusion).
9. Give an account on syphilitic aortitis.
10. Give an account on myocardial infarction.
11. Give an account on right-sided heart failure.
12. Discuss the pathology of atherosclerosis (definition, gross and microscopic pictures, effects and complication).
13. Discuss the causes of death in benign essential hypertension.
14. Give an account on aneurysms (definition, causes, types, etiology & possible complication).
15. Give an account on varicose veins including it’s definition, causes, an examples and effects.
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1. Urinary system:
1. Enumerate the different lesions, which may leads to change in the size of the kidney.
2. Give an account on acute diffuse glomerulonephritis including gross picture and microscopic picture of both kidney and urine.
3. Give an account on subacute diffuse glomerulonepheritis (rapidly progressive G.N).
4. Give an account on chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis including gross picture, microscopic picture and urine changes.
5. Give an account on nephritic syndrome (definition, and causes).
6. Give an account on membranous glomerulonephritis (microscopic picture and prognosis).
7. Give an account on pyelonephritis.
8. Give an account on acute pyelonephritis (definition, causative organism, rout of infection and predisposing factors).
9. Give an account on chronic pyelonephritis (microscopic appearance and complications).
10. Define hydronephrosis and enumerate its causes.
11. Give an account on types, causes, features and complications of urinary calculi.
12. Give an account on haematuria (definition, causes and possible effects).
13. Give an account on recent infarct kidney.
14. Enumerate the tumours of the kidney and discuss the pathology of hypernephroma.
15. Discuss the causes and possible effects of chronic renal failure.
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 Respiratory system:
1. Give an account on rhinoscleroma and adenoid.
2. Give an account onepistaxix (definition and causes).
3. Give an account on diphtheria (with complications).
4. give an account on tumours of larynx.
5. give an account on bronchial asthma.
6. give an account on bronchiectasis (causes, pathogenesis, gross picture and complications).
7. give an account on lobar pneumonia (red hepatization) including gross and microscopic pictures.
8. give an account on complication of lobar pneumonia.
9. give an account on pathology of bronchopneumonia ( lobular pneumonia).
10. give an account on causes of lung abscess.
11. define and enumerate the types of emphysema, then discuss the
pathology of chronic hypertrophic emphysema including pathogenesis,
gross picture, microscopic picture and complications.
12. discuss the pathology of bronchogenic carcinoma including it’s mode of spread.
13. give an account on causes of haemoptysis.
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 Female genital system:
1. give an account on complication of gonorrhea in female.
2. give an account on pathology of puerperal sepsis including
definition, rout of infection, causative organisms, pathological
features, clinical picture and complications.
3. give an account on endometriosis.
4. enumerate the tumours of vulva and discuss the pathology of carcinoma vulva.
5. enumerate the tumours of uterus, compare and contrast between the pathology of cancer cervix and cancer body.
6. enumerate the types of ovarian cysts.
7. discuss the pathology of carcinoma cervix.
8. give an account on venereal diseases (defination, enumerate them).
9. give an account on vesicular male including pathogenesis, gross picture, and microscopic picture.
10. give an account on chorio carcinoma.
11. enumerate the causes of :
a. vaginitis.
b. Endomertial polyp.
c. Mass in vulva.
d. Mass in vaginal wall.
e. Vaginal bleeding.
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 Male genital system:
1. give an account on complications of gonorrhea in male.
2. give an account on nodular hyperplasia or senile hyperplasia of prostate including pathological features and effects.
3. enumerate the tumours of testis and discuss the pathology of seminoma and teratoma.
4. give an account on prostate cancer.
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 Breast:
1. discuss the pathology of fibro adenoma of the breast.
2. enumerate the types and causes of cancer breast.
3. give an account on mammary cystic hyperplasia.
4. give an account on gross and microscopic pictures of scirrhous carcinoma of breast.
5. enumerate the lesions which can leads to lumps (mass) in the breast.
6. discuss the pathology of carcinoma breast and mention the mode of spread.
7. give an account on gynecomastia.
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 Central Nervous System:
1. give an account on septic meningitis.
2. give an account on brain abscess.
3. give an account on cerebral hemorrhage.
4. give an account on cerebral aneurysms.
5. give an account on cerebral infraction.
6. give an account on hydrocephalus (definition, types, causes and effects).
7. give an account on peripheral neuritis (definition, causes, and effects).
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 Gastro Intestinal Tract:
1. what is mean by ulcer name the different type of ulcers of the
tongue, give account on gross picture, microscopic picture and
complications of the malignant ulcer of tongue.
2. give an account on cancer of tongue.
3. give an account on benign mixed salivary gland tumours.
4. give an account on congenital anomalies of esophagus.
5. give an account on dysphagia (definition and causes).
6. give an account on cancer of esophagus.
7. give an account on peptic ulcer (discuss the pathology including it’s complications).
8. give an account on gastric carcinoma ( discuss the pathology).
9. give an account on haematemesis.
10. give an account on typhoid fever.
11. give an account on amoebic dysentery.
12. give an account on bacillary dysentery.
13. give an account on causes of ulcers in small intestine.
14. discuss the causes of ulceration of G.I.T and enumerate it’s possible complications.
15. give an account on acute appendicitis (causes and complications).
16. compare between Chron’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
17. give an account on volvulus, intussusceptions and strangulation.
18. chronic intestinal obstruction.
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 Liver:
1. give an account on infective (viral) hepatitis including causes, microscopic appearance and possible termination.
2. give an account on liver cirrhosis (definition and classification).
3. discuss the pathology of Laenne’s cirrhosis ( nutritional or
alcoholic cirrhosis) including pathogenesis, pathological features,
effects and causes of death.
4. give an account on hepatoma ( liver cell carcinoma).
5. discuss the pathology of jaundice including changes in urine, stool and blood in each type.
6. give an account on gross and microscopic pictures of nut – meg liver.
7. give an account on acute cholecystitis.
8. discuss the pathology of gall stones including causes, types, pathogenesis and complications.
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 Pancreas:
Give an account on acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
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 Endocrine system:
1. give an account on goiter.
2. give an account on tumours of the thyroid gland.
3. give an account on diabetes mellitus (types and complications).
4. give an account on Addissons’s disease.
5. give an account on neuroplastoma.
6. give an account on Cushing syndrome.
7. give an account on pheochromocytoma.
8. give an account on Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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 Blood:
1. give an account on haemolytic anaemia (causes an features).
2. give an account on iron deficiency anaemia.
3. give an account on leukaemia (definition and types).
4. give an account on acute leukaemia.
5. give an account on chronic myeloid leukaemia.
6. give an account on the significance of an leukemia in reticulocytes in the blood, list the heamatological disease.
7. give an account on megaloblastic anaemia.
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 Bones and joints:
1. give an account on acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (discuss the pathology and enumerate it’s possible complications).
2. give an account on osteoclastoma (gaint cell tumour of bones).
3. give an account on Ewing’s tumour of bone.
4. give an account on Paget’s disease of bone (osteitis deformance).
5. give an account on Pott’s disease (T.B of vertebrae).
6. give an account on malignant tumour of bone marrow.
7. give an account on bony lesions of rickets and osteomalacia.
8. give an account on rheumatoid arthritis.
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 Lymphatic system:
1. give an account on Hodgkin’s disease.
2. give an account on pathological features and fate of splenic infraction.
3. give an account on causes of splenomegaly
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