تجميعات البارا المهمه

Infection by eating meat :
- Taenia saginata
- Taenia solium
- Trichinella spiralis
- Toxoplasma


Infection by eating fish :
- Heterophyes
- Metagonimus
- D. latum
- Paragonimus


Infection by eating vegetables :
- Fasciola gigantica + F. hepatica + Fasciolopsis buski
- H.nana + cysticercosis + Hydatid disease
- Ascaris + Toxocara + Enterobius + Trichocephalus + Strongyloids
- Amoebic dysentry + Blantedial dysentry + Toxoplasma + cryptosporidium


Autoinfection :
- T.solium
- H.nana
- Enterobius
- Strongyloides
- All protozoan cysts
- Leishmania Tropica

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Parasites found in liver :
- F. gigantica + F. hepatica (bile ducts)
- Schistosoma haematobium + mansoni + japonicum (Portal vessels)
- Hydatid cyst + Sparagnum + C.cellulosae + visceral larva migrans + Amoebic liver abcess (liver tissue)
- L.donovani + Leishmania form of T.cruzi + Toxoplasma (RBCs)
- Malaria E. E. schizonys (liver cells)


Parasites found in lung :
- Paragonimus
- Hydatid cyst
- C. cellulosae
- VLM
- Amoebic abcess
- Toxoplasma


Parasites found in brain :
- Sparagnum
- Hydatid cyst
- C. cellulosae
- VLM
- Amoebic abcess
- P.falciparumn
- Trypanosomes
- Toxoplasma


Parasites found in eye :
- Sparagnum
- Hydatid cyst
- C. cellulosae
- VLM
- P.falciparumn
- Loa Loa
- O.volvulus
- Myasis
- Toxoplasma
- T.cruzi (Rornana's sign)
- Phithirus pubis in eyelashes


Parasites found in skin & subcutaneous tissue :
- Sparagnum
- Loa Loa
- O.volvulus
- C. cellulosae
- Medina worm
- Amoebic abcess
- Bilharzial granuloma
- L. tropica + L. braziliense
- Leishmania donovani (dermal leishmanoides)
- Polymorphic Trypanosomes (Trypanosome chancre)
- T.cruzi (Chagoma)
- Cutaneous myasis
- Sarcoptes
- Trombicula
- Ecto-parasites : Bugs + Lice + fleas + Ticks


Parasites found in muscles :
- Sparagnum
- Hydatid cyst
- C. cellulosae
- VLM
- Trichinella cyst
- Leishmanoid form of T. cruzi In heart muscle


Parasites in which infection occurs through the skin :
- Schistosomes
- Hook worms
- Sparagnum
- Strongyloides
- All members of family Filaridae
- Cutaneous lava migrans
- Swimmer's itch
- Cutaneous myasis
- Sarcotes scabiei
- All diseases transmitted by mosquitoes : sand fly + Flies + Bugs + lice + fleas + Ticks ..... etc.


Parasites found in urine :
- S.haematobium eggs
- S.mansoni eggs (5%)
- Hydatid sand
- Eggs of Entrobius in females
- Microfilaria of W.bancrofti
- L.danovani
- T.vaginalis
- Urinary myasis
- Sarcoptes
- Phthirus Pubies


Parasites causing dysentry :
- Amoebic dysentry
- Blantidial dysentry
- Bilharzial dysentry
- L . donovani
- P . falciparum


Parasites causing diarrhea :
- F . buski
- Het . het.
- Metagonimus
- H . nana
- Strngyloides
- Trichinella
- Hook worms
- Giardia
- Cryptosporidium


Parasites affecting children :
All parasites can affect children , but ! most common are :
- S . haematobium + mansoni
- H . nana
- Entrobius
- Giardia
- Infantile Kala-azar
- T.cruzi
- Pediculosis
- Myiasis
- Scabies


Parasites of small intestine :
- Fascilipsis
- Heterophyes
- Metagonimus
- D. latum
- T . saginata
- T. solium
- D. caninum
- H . nana
- H. diminuta
- Giardia
- L. donovani
- All intestinal nematodes except Entrobius & Tricocephalus


Parasites of large intestine :
- Entrobius
- Trichocephalus
- E. histolytica
- Blatidium coli
- Intestinal myiasis


Parasites found in blood :
- Schistosomes
- Microfilaria + Malaria + Leishmania + Trypanosomes (appear in blood film)

Parasites found in lymph nodes :
- W. bancrofti
- W. malayi
- Sparagnum
- Polymophic Trypanosome
- L. donovani
- Toxoplasma

Parasites in Reticulo-Endothelial system :
- L. donovani
- L. tropica
- L. braziliense
- T. cruzi
- Toxoplasma

Cestode larvae found in man :
- Sparagnum
- C. cellulosae
- Hydatid cyst
- Custicercoid in H. nana

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Role of dog :
- Heteophyes
- Metagonimus
- D. latum
- D . mansoni
- Hydatid disease
- D. caninum
- Toxocara (VLM)
- Cut. Larva migrans
- L. donovani (reservoir)


Role of rat :
- H. diminuta
- Trichinae
- Plague
- Murine


Role of pig :
- T. solium
- Trichinella
- Blantidium coli


Helminthes transmitted by Arthropod vectors :
(i) Cyclops : D. latum + D. mansoni + Medina worm

(ii) Flies : D. caninum + H. diminuta

(iii) Filaria :
- W. bancrofti >> Culex pipiens
- W. malayi >> mansonia & Anopheles
- Loa Loa >> Chiysops
- O. Volvulus >> Simulium

(iv) Mechanical transmission of Helminth Ova by Musca



Parasites came to Egypt after erection of High Dam :
- Malignant Malaria : due to migration of Anaopheles Gambia from Sudan to Egypt .
- O. volvulus : due to migration of Simulium from Sudan to Egypt .
- Increased incidence of Bilharziasis due to change of irrigation system from basin to perennial irrigation


Opportunistic parasites :
- Toxoplasma
- Cryptosporidium
- Strongyloides



Diagnostic tests using live antigens :
- COPT
- CHR
- Pandit test
- Sabin Feldman's dye test