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دى شوية اختصارات ممكن تساعد..........معلش انها جت متاخره
Micro & Immunity ... علم البكتيريا و الفيروسات & المناعة
Steps of Control of outbreak of an infectious disease
2I
Investigation .. to trace the source of the infection
Immunization activities
Non-Hepatotropic viruses
2V , 2c
Varicella
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
CMV .. cytomegalovirus
Coxsackie
ENDOTOXIN
Endothelial cells/ Edema
Negative .. gram- bacteria
DIC/ Death
Outer membrane
TNF
O-antigen
X-tremely heat stable
IL-1
Nitric oxide/ Neutrophil chemotaxis
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: classic presentation
"Sore throat, Face bloat, Pi$$ coke"
Sore throat: 1 week ago
Face bloat: facial edema
Pi$$ coke: coke-coloured urine
Alternatively, short version: Throat, bloat and coke
Staphylococcus aureus: diseases caused
SOFT PAINS
Skin infections
Osteomyelitis
Food poisoning
Toxic shock syndrome
Pneumonia
Acute endocarditis
Infective arthritis
Necrotizing fasciitis
Sepsis
Food poisoning: bugs inducing
"Eating Contaminated Stuff Causes Very Big Smelly Vomit"
E. coli O157-H7 > under*****d meat, esp. hamburgers
Clostridium botulinum > canned foods
Salmonella > poultry, meat, eggs
Vibrio parahaemolyticus > seafood
Bacillus cereus > reheated rice
Staphylococcus aureus > meats, mayo, custard
Clostridium perfringens > reheated meat
Vibrio vulnificus > seafood
Streptococcus pyogenes: virulence factors
SMASHED
Streptolysins
M protein
Anti-C5a peptidase
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
Exotoxin
DNAses
Streptococcus pyogenes: diseases caused
NIPPLES
Necrotising fasciitis and myositis
Impetigo
Pharyngitis
Pneumonia
Lymphangitis
Erysipelas and cellulitis
Scarlet fever/ Streptococcal TSS
Endocarditis: lab results suggesting it
"High Tech Lab Results Point At Endocarditis"
Hematuria
Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytosis, -penia
Red blood cell casta
Proteinuria
Anemia
Elevated ESR
cepholosporins
CEPHALOSPORINS-tough but important
schedule of parents
1 pm:take a ZOLI(bag) and roam with a THIN FELLOW
2 pm:start ROXI video and watch TINTIN
3 pm:take a TAXI go to ZOne.where they meet one ZIDI boy who has worn PER AXONS slippers
4 pm:to cure PIMPLES they go to ROME
schedule of ORACLE
1 pm:go to DR.ALEX REDI's house
2 pm:because of aCHLORhydria he starts watching ROXI video and watch AXN
3 pmIN FIXes PROduction of BUTEN
now what is this >>
parents means parental root
1st generation cephalosporins:cePHALOTHIN,cef aZOLIN
2nd generation:cefuROXIME,cefoxiTI N
3rd generation:cefoTAXIme,ceftiZOx ime,ceftaZIDIme,ceft riAXONE,cefoPERazone
4th:cefePIME,cefpiROM
ORACLE means oral root
1st gen:cefaDRoxil,cephALEXIN,ceph RADIne
2nd gen:cefACHLOR,cefuROXIme AXetil
3rd gen:cefDINir,ceFIXime,cefpodox ime PROxetil,ceftiBUTEN
Capsulated pathogenic organisms are
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules
S Streptococcus pneumoniae
K Klebsiella pneumoniae
H Haemophilus influenzae
P Pseudomonas aeruginosa
N Neisseria meningitidis
C Cryptococcus neoformans
Remeber... All bacilli are gram negative except > L.DATTA
L - Listeria
D - Diphtheria
A - Actinomycetes
T - Tetani Clostridium
T - TB Mycobatcterium
A - Anthrax bacillus
Hypersensitivity reactions: Gell and Goombs nomenclature
ACID
• From I to IV
Anaphylactic type: type I
Cytotoxic type: type II
Immune complex disease: type III
Delayed hypersensitivity (cell mediated): type IV
MHC I vs. II: T cell interaction
The "=8" equation
2x4=8, and 1x8=8
MHC II goes with CD4
MHC I goes with CD8
Immunoglobulin (Ig) types: the important ones worth remembering, in order of appearance
MAGDElaine .. a girl's ****
IgM
IgA
IgG
IgD
IgE
• Magdelaine tells you the order they usually appear: M first, then A or G
• Alternatively: IgM is IMmediate
Acute inflammation features
SLIPR
Swelling
Loss of function
Increased heat
Pain
Redness
• "What a cute pair of slippers" can be used to tie acute inflammation to SLIPR
Lupus signs and symptoms
SOAP BRAIN
Serositis .. pleuritis, pericarditis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood .. all are low - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Renal .. protein
ANA
Immunologic .. DS DNA, etc
Neurologic .. psych, seizures
Goodpasture's Syndrome components
GoodPasture is Glomerulonephritis and Pnuemonitits
• From autoantibodies attacking Glomerular and Pulmonary ****ment membranes
Complement: function of C3a versus C3b
C3a: Activates Acute .. inflammation
C3b: Bonds Bacteria .. to macrophages--easier digestion
• If wish to know more than just C3
C3a, C4a, C5a activate acute
C3b, C4b bind bacteria
MHC I vs. MHC II properties
"Immunity helps to exterminate fun for bacteria"
HLA-DR genetic predisposition immune disease examples
HLA-DR
Hashimoto's disease
Leukemia/ Lupus
Autoimmune adrenalitis/ Anemia .. pernicious
Diabetes insipidous
Rheumatoid arthritis
Complement cascade initiating items: alternative vs. classic
Classic: Combined Complexes
Alternative: Activators Alone, or IgA
• Complexes are made of Ab and Ag combined together
• Examples of activators: endotoxin, microbial surface.منقول
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